Does Religion Cause War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Does Religion Cause War - Research Paper Example Even though America was highly secular until recent times, it changed its secular face after 9/11 World Trade Center attack by Al Qaida. Christianity is slowly taking control of American politics now and the rise of the concept of Christian Right is clearly underlines above belief. The ongoing war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq are motivated culturally rather than politically which is evident from the words of American political leaders itself. In Palestine - Israeli conflict also, religion plays an important role. The conflicts between India and Pakistan also believed to be the clashes between Hindus and Muslims. In short, the involvement of religion in many of the ongoing wars is evident to everybody now. Even though political and religious leaders deny such religious involvement in wars, nobody can deny the fact that wars between similar communities are not occurring whereas wars between different communities or religion are going on now. This paper explores the extent of relig ious involvement in some of the ongoing wars.The importance of religion in human life cannot be denied under any circumstances because of the huge contributions it provided to the development of human life in different periods of time in the past. In fact religion is the only entity which forces the people to maintain certain morality and ethics in life. While science and technology stressed the importance of human life in this world, religions give more emphasize to the life after death. Majority of the religions describe our earthly life as only a temporary assignment. Moreover religions ask its believers to lead a peaceful and sin free life in this world to achieve permanent or eternal life after death. In short, religions were perceived as the symbols of peace and harmony in the past. However, the scenario has changed a lot in the recent past. â€Å"Since September 11, 2001, there has been a revival of the discussion of the just war theory by theologians, as well as political t heorists, social philosophers, and the like†(Ali, 2009, p.241). Many of the current sociologists, philosophers, politicians and psychologists are of the view that the major reason behind recent wars was cultural rather than political or economic. According to the prominent American political scientist of the modern era, Samuel Hutington, â€Å"the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict are cultural. The clash of civilizations is dominating current global politics† (Hutington,1993, p.22). In short, the involvement of religions in politics is causing major problems like wars, according to many scholars. III. Literature Review: a. The role of Christianity in causing wars According to Kyle (2007), American secularism is undergoing drastic changes in recent times. Many of the theologians and other religious leaders are of the view that America was established on Christian principles and that it is a Christian nation with a special mission. However, the concept of a Christian America has been hijacked by the secularists and feminists in recent times (Kyle, 2007). According to Ray Moore, president of Exodus Mandate, a South Carolina-based group which organizes home-schooling for Christian children, â€Å"

Financial management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial management - Assignment Example Days payable out is too high beyond the working days allowed for 90days. The company should aim to reduce the number of days either by increasing the payables or number of purchases. The manager should be able to know where the cash is tied up. PART B Question three a) Price earnings ratio This is a ratio that is used to determine the value of a share or stock taking into consideration the earnings of a share of the company. By analyzing different price earnings ratios of companies, an investor can be able to determine where to purchase shares. A P/E ratio of 21.1 of Spikiri Company depicts that high returns can be expected. This is followed by Papi and Akanani Companies with 14.2 and 13.0 respectively. It is wise to purchase shares from Spikiri Company. The P/E ratio is also used to depict the amount of money investors are willing to pay for each dollar earned in a company. b) Dividend cover prices dividend paid P/E current high low dividend yield current high low Akanani 291 317 18 7 0.021 6.111 6.657 3.927 13 spikiri 187 201 151 0.023 4.301 4.623 3.473 21.1 Earnings per share current high low 22.38462 24.38462 14.38462 8.862559 9.526066 7.156398 dividend cover = earnings per share/ dividend paid per share current high low Akanani 3.663004 3.663004 3.663004 spikiri 2.060581 2.060581 2.060581 Dividend cover shows the ability of a company to pay dividends to ordinary shareholders from the profits that have earned. An investor is able to determine how much dividends are paid out of profits before making any investments in the company. Akanani pays more dividends from its profits as compared to Spikiri. Question three i. Cost of debt of bond A Kd = interest rate *(1-tax) = 9% (note taxes are ignored) ii. Different bonds in the same may have different costs of capital. This is explained towards the time period required to clear the payment. A bond with longer duration to payment will have a lower cost of capital. The yield to maturity also affects the cost of debt. Bonds have different yields to maturity which in turn determine the bond’s interest rates to be paid. The coupon rate may differ with each bond hence the cost of each debt. C i. Cost of equity 4+ (11-4)1.2= 10% ii. Ex-dividend share price = old share price/ (1+ dividend) = 1/(1+0.2) = 0.83 iii. Capital gearing (debt dividend by debt plus equity) = 30/90 = 0.33 iv. Market value weighted average cost of capital Cost of debt 9% + 7.82%= 16.82% WACC = kd * weight of debt + ke * weight of equity = 16.82 *30/90 + 10*60/90 = 12.27% d. change in dividend policy Dividend policy is explained as the long term decision that will show how cashflows will be deployed from the company’