Starbucks Global Strategy :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Starbucks Global Strategy De Wit and Meyer (1998) refer to market tendency towards homogeneous variety and tighter international linkages as globalization. The need for global strategy is outlined by the fact that companies are subject to global forces and consumer demands. As a consequence, firms are faced with a challenge of modifying their existent strategies to gain and sustain their competitive advantage in a rapidly changing environment. A well-designed global strategy can help a firm to gain a competitive advantage, that as identified by Sumantra Ghoshal of INSEAD can arise from Efficiency, Strategy, Risk, Learning and Reputation (Appendix1). Therefore, to create a successful global strategy, managers first must understand the nature of global industries and the dynamics of global competition. I would like to proceed with my analyses of the global market place, with examination the young but already well recognized brand world wide ? Starbucks. In my research I will explore on changes in the product, operations, and strategies at Starbucks influenced by the changes in the global marketplace. Due to word limitation on the essay, please refer to Appendixes for more detailed information. Starbucks Corporation "There is untapped potential to grow our company internationally," Schultz said. Headquarters: Seattle, Washington www.starbucks.com Ownership: Starbucks is publicly traded -- shares are widely held 150 million shares have been authorized, of which 59.6% are on the market. History: Howard Schultz, 42, is the founder of the Company and has been chairman of the board and chief executive officer since its start in 1987. The Company originated with eleven Seattle stores and less than one hundred employees. Since them the company has grown to a half billion-dollar company serving millions of cups of coffee per week in one thousand stores throughout the country, and in 17 countries internationally. Schultz believes his company will succeed well into the twenty-first century. He states, "One of the things that you can't measure on a balance sheet or on a financial statement is the soul of Starbucks." The Company holds approximately 39 federal trademark registrations in the United States. They have approximately 44 additional applications pending in the U.S. The Company currently owns one patent in the U.S. for its coffee on tap system and has several patent applications pending. Starbucks prides itself on being a "good citizen" locally and in the various coffee producing countries. They make significant contributions to local charities that focus on children, the environment, the homeless, and AIDS research/support.

CHief Matenge’s Character Sketch Essay

This assignment is based on Bessie Head’s classic novel, When Rain Clouds Gather. It gives an assessment of one of the novel’s main characters, Chief Matenge and in the process exposes him as an undoubtedly corrupt leader. This is supported by the many intertwined facts and quotations that portray his character as such a leader and these are selected and presented from the novel. Byrne, Kalua, Scheepers and Kane (2012:100) provide the foundation for the reader’s agreement that Chief Matenge is a corrupt leader which in turn shapes the whole negative perspective of his personality when they describe him as representing the â€Å"Old Africa† at its worst – moral degeneration. Going through the whole novel the reader struggles and eventually loses the battle in finding anywhere where any positive notions are associated with Chief Matenge. Bryne et al (2012:100) present Matenge as a â€Å"villain, a bad person who is openly corrupt†. He is indubitably the antagonist and the opposer of Gilbert Balfour and Makhaya who generally stand for good in the name of progress and development in the novel. Head (1987:18) introduces Chief Matenge as Paramount Chief Sekoto’s â€Å"troublesome and unpopular younger brother†. This already gives the reader an idea of what sort of personality Chief Matenge has. This description of him sets the tone in the whole novel as he is further described using such adjectives and phrases as â€Å"overwhelming avariciousness† and â€Å"unpleasant personality†, (Head 1987:18). It soon becomes apparent that Chief Matenge’s brother, Paramount Chief Sekoto does not like his own brother, as the statement â€Å"nothing upset Chief Sekoto more than a visit from his brother, whom he had long classified as belonging to the insane part of mankind† (Head 1987:48) clearly displays. Paramount Chief Sekoto is said to have always sided with villagers who his brother constantly upset. Head (1987:18) presents Matenge as having a â€Å"devil† that drove him and would subside after some chastising from Chief Sekoto only to awaken its â€Å"clamouring and howling† a few months later. Matenge’s wickedness is further unfolded in the wish of Chief Sekoto to destroy him for â€Å"all the family feuds and intrigues he had instigated† (Head 1987:20). Ironically, Paramount Chief Sekoto was not what one would call a shining example of morality. Chief Sekoto, â€Å"although he was widely known as a good chief† (Head 1987:19) just like his brother Matenge â€Å"lived off the slave labour of the poor and his lands were ploughed free of charge by the poor, and he was washed, bathed and fed by the poor† (Head 1987:19). In turn Matenge also strongly despised his brother Paramount Chief Sekoto. Head (1987:42) discloses this when she reveals his thoughts about his brother who he secretly thought was â€Å"an amicable, pleasant nitwit of a brother in the supreme position. Matenge coveted is brother’s position of Paramount Chief. Matenge is referred to as â€Å"evil† countless times in the novel. Dinorego further exposes this evilness or corruptness when he confides in Makhaya that he (Matenge) was the evil force delaying progress in the village. Dinorego reveals Matenge’s machinations to â€Å"damage† and â€Å"delay† the starting of the farm and the cattle co-operative which are projects that are supposed to push development in the village. Matenge is said to have particularly sabotaged Gilbert Balfour on the cattle co-operative because he was personally benefitting from buying the poor villagers’ cattle at a low price and making huge profits by then selling them at a much higher price. Matenge took advantage of the poor villagers’ inability to hire railway trucks to transport their own cattle because they could not afford it. Matenge fought Gilbert Balfour’s cattle co-operative because it would put him out of business. Matenge’s falsehoods and cunningness are clearly portrayed when he lies to the villagers that Gilbert wanted to enslave them, â€Å"Was it true they wanted to know, that Gilbert had secretly purchased land from the paramount Chief and was using the name co-operative to enslave the people? That was what Chief Matenge had told them† (Head 1987:35). The reader would not hesitate to label Matenge as greedy and selfish. Head (1987:41) reveals that Matenge lived alone (before Joas Tsepe joined him) in a â€Å"big cream-painted mansion†. The other villagers are said to have lived in small and primitive mud huts and were in fact not allowed to build brick houses without permission from the Chief which was rarely given, if at all. Head (1987:41) goes on to mention that the central village where Matenge’s mansion was situated contained â€Å"one very poor general dealer’s shop which supplied the villagers with the â€Å"bare necessities† like sugar, tea and â€Å"cheap materials and shoes† among other items. The location of Matenge’s â€Å"big mansion† was also in proximity to a â€Å"three-roomed shack† which serves as the village primary school. The jarring contrast of Matenge’s seemingly luxurious life style and his surroundings nauseates the reader and speaks loudly of his greediness and selfishness. The reader can safely accuse Matenge of being a tribalist. Byrne et al (1987:100) describe tribalism as the practice of advancing one’s own tribe above others and judging other people on the basis of their tribal origins. Matenge is described as a â€Å"die hard traditionalist† (Head 1987:42). He wanted things to remain the same. He is said to have understood tribalism and that it was â€Å"essentially the rule of the illiterate man who when he was in the majority, feared and despised anything that was not a part of the abysmal darkness in which he lived†. (Head 1987:65) further portrays his disgust for other tribes when he is said to have dismissed Dinorego’s greeting at some point with a â€Å"slight gesture of the head which contained in it an inheritance of centuries of contempt for the ordinary man. † His shaky and opportunistic relationship with Joas Tsepe is another revelation of Matenge’s lopsided and corrupt character. Joas Tsepe was also corrupt and this is revealed in the sponsor that was shrouded in mystery who supplied him with money which enabled him to remain unemployed and to travel every six months by air as a very important person. Matenge also has xenophobic tendencies. His wish to chase Makhaya out of the village very much smelt of this. This is revealed when George Apple-by confides in Makhaya that Matenge wants him â€Å"removed† from the village because he is a refugee. Refugees were generally not liked in Botswana at the time of the book’s setting when many came from South Africa running away from Apartheid, but Matenge’s particular hatred for Makhaya as a refugee and all like him comes out when he referred to him as a â€Å"South African swine who always needs to run after his master† (Head 1987:66), referring to Makhaya’s close association with Gilbert Balfour. To say Makhaya was thoroughly offended by this is an understatement for unbeknown to Matenge, he secretly formed thoughts of murdering him. In conclusion Head (1987:43) could not have summed up Chief Matenge’s character better when she described him as â€Å"the epitome of darkness with his long gloomy, melancholy, suspicious face and his ceaseless intrigues, bitter jealousy and hatred†. Makhaya also equates him to several unsavoury items such as a â€Å"lout, cheat, dog and swine and he reckoned the â€Å"Matenges everywhere got themselves into a position over the poor† (Head 1987:136) The reader agrees with Mma Millipede when she quietly but unsuspectingly accurately predicts Chief Matenge’s demise. She tries to calm Makhaya after his dramatic encounter with Chief Matenge where he is labeled a South African swine and says, â€Å"People who err against human life like our Chief and the white man (referring to Apartheid in South Africa) do so only because they are more blind than others to the mystery of life. Some time life will catch up with them and put them away for good or change them† (Head 169:137). In Chief Matenge’s case, he was unlucky to not suffer the later of these predictions, but the former. After he comes back from a rather long absence from the village, he immediately gets back to what he knows best and summons Pauline and six village elders to be tried. Unbeknown to him, the whole village was excited that the day had arrived that they would face their â€Å"persecutor of many years† (Head 169:184). Because Matenge was not expecting a crowd, he panics, retreats into the house, and rather than facing the crowd, commits suicide, and the reader discovers another hidden character that was lurking in Matenge all along, cowardice. Not even his servants stand by him at his time of need; they beat a hasty retreat and leave him to deal with his issues alone and his eyes are opened and perhaps he finally sees himself for the monster that he is. The saddest part is not even his brother is quiet disappointed by his demise. Chief Sekoto’s digestion is said to have been â€Å"upset the whole day† by Matenge’s death, Head (1987:189). The reader is sure it is not because he is grieving for his brother but he is unappreciative of the fuss and inconvenience that the death causes. Such is the fate of the antagonist of When rain clouds gather. The reader applauds Bessie Head on successfully creating a fitting villain who one cannot help but hate. SOURCES CONSULTED Byrne, D, Kalua, F & Scheepers, R. 2012. Foundations in English Literary Studies. Only study Guide for ENG1501. Pretoria: University of South Africa Head, B. 1987. When Rain Clouds Gather. Heinemann.

Fault lines in Canadian Society Essay

There are existing tensions or fault lines in Canada amongst different regions. Fault lines according to Bone (2012) are the geological phenomenon where there are cracks on the crust of earth due to the tectonic forces. In relation to Canada, fault lines are political, social and economic cracks that divide people and regions and they also threaten to destabilize the integrity of Canada as a nation. According to Bone (2012), the geography of Canada is characterized by four tensional fault lines, and they include; English and French Canadians, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, centrist and decentrist forces, and the immigration forces. These are the forces that have ensured Canada remain a nation of regions. There are six regions in Canada and they include Quebec, Atlantic Canada, Western Canada, Ontario, territorial north and British Columbia. The essay will majorly discuss the Aboriginal/ non- Aboriginal fault line by comparing and contrasting the circumstances of their current existence in certain physiographic regions in Canada. The Aboriginal/no-Aboriginal fault line The 1982 Constitutional Act referred to the indigenous people of Canada which includes Mà ©tis, Indians and the Inuit as Aboriginal peoples. This means that they are the Canadian people who trace their ancestry to the native inhabitants of Canada who came from North America before the Europeans came in 15th century. The non Aboriginal people have no ancestry or blood relations to the Aboriginals. Status (registered) Indians has certain rights according to 1985 Indian Act and registered and acknowledged by the federal government such as exemption from generated tax from reserves. The non-status Indians are not registered but have Indian ancestry hence has no rights according to the Indian act. Similarly, the Treaty Indians are registered Indians who can prove descent from the band that signed treaties and hence has legal rights of living in reserves. The Inuit are located mainly in Arctic, while the Mà ©tis are individuals of North American and European Indian ancestry. Harring & OSCLH (2013) pointed out that the Aboriginal/non Aboriginal front line in Canada is the most complex one. Its complexity is as a result of the historical relations tangled between the European settlers and the Aboriginal people. The first entanglement occurred between the Aboriginal peoples and the British crown and later Ottawa. According to Bone (2012), the class between the settlers and the natives for land, the federal governments’ forced assimilation policies added to the complexity and further solidified the distrust of the Aboriginal people to the crown and the Canadian state. The policies which failed to create a big difference between the Aboriginal people and the other parts of Canada. The consequence later was a disaster to the Aboriginal people who were pushed to the Canadians society’s margin, faced racism, ended up dependant on Ottawa and became ignored and invincible Canadian society members. An example of their isolation as observed by Harring & OSCLH (2013) are the treaty Indians got the vote participate in federal elections only in 1960 Circumstances of the current existence of Aboriginal people in Eastern Woodlands of south Ontario and Quebec in the Grand River Valley The Haldimand Grant In 1763, the British formed an alliance with Pontiac, the chief of Odawa as well as other Indian leaders with an aim of holding the Ohio valley lands. George III strategically issued a royal proclamation in 1763 which west of Appalachian Mountains as the lands for the Indians (Bone, 2012). However, after the American Revolution in which the Americans won, the proclaimed Indian lands in the Ohio valley ceased existing as many settlers hungry for land spread across the Appalachian Mountains. Moreover, the defeated Indians moved to Canada where they received the first major land grant termed as the â€Å"Haldimand Grant of 1784† (Harring & OSCLH, 2013). According to Bone (2012), the main purpose of the grant was to reward the Indian Iroquois who fought alongside the British during the American Revolution. Bone (2012) highlighted that lord Haldimand, the Governor of Quebec, in his proclamation prohibited the sale or lease of the land to anybody but only the government. The said tract of land extended from Grand River source in the present southwester Ontario to the river’s mouth at Lake Ontario. This explains the circumstances of the existence of the Aboriginal people and non existence of the non Aboriginal people around the area of the Grand River between la kes Huron, Erie and Ontario. Circumstances of the current existence of Aboriginal people in Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Quebec ad Labrador Taking over of the Indian rights by Canada The 1867 British North America Act shifted the responsibility for the Aboriginal people from Great Britain to Canada (Harring & OSCLH, 2013). Subsequently, the government of Canada enacted the restrictive Indian act. The effect of the legislation was to isolate the Indian tribes from the rest of the Canadian society, in addition to stripping them governance powers. This was based on assumptions that the Indians cannot govern themselves or manage their affairs. Therefore, the federal government through the Department of Indian Affairs was entrusted with the duty to be their guardian until they were fully integrated into the Canadian society (Harring & OSCLH, 2013). This was in contrast to the Haldimand Grant which gave the aboriginal people land, allowed them to govern themselves and did not implement restrictive laws to the Indians. Bone (2012) indicated that the federal department consequently intervened in many issues including management of the Indian lands, band issues, money, and resources with the main aim of assimilating them into the Canadian society. This promoted dependency and left the affairs of the bands on the hands of the local agents who were Indians, hence suppressing the initiatives of the Indians (Bone, 2012). The isolation of the Indians in Canada was done by denying them citizenship rights including voting rights. In contrast, the British crown did not create dependency from the aboriginal people. Moreover, they did not manage the land on behalf of the Indians like the federal government of Canada does. As much as the Indians were being suppressed in reserves, the Mà ©tis and the Inuit were not included in the Act but they also had to live in the Canadian society where they were not fully accepted. Currently, the Inuit have homes in Nunavut, Quebec and even Labrador. Land claim treaties With almost the whole of the British Columbia province tied up in several land treaties, the relationship between the Aboriginal and the non Aboriginal communities are highly strained. According to Harring & OSCLH (2013), the Aboriginal rights are collective rights that originate from the occupation of land by the Aboriginal people before contact. These treaty rights apply mostly to the Inuit and the status Indians unlike the Mà ©tis who are less protected by the rights. When the governance of the federal government and the British crown are compared, there are similarities in that both embraced treaties with the aboriginal communities on land and settlement issues Mà ©tis Rights The less protection of the Mà ©tis by the Aboriginal rights stems back from 1870 when the Ottawa accepted that the Mà ©tis has Aboriginal rights because of the Indian ancestry (Bone, 2012). The government further gave individual members of the Mà ©tis community land grants in a three component agreement. The first component of the agreement indicated that the occupied land before 1870 by the Mà ©tis became private property, second the Mà ©tis children had eligibility of 140 acres, and lastly each Mà ©tis family head received in scrip 160 acres which could be sold or claimed in Manitoba. Furthermore, the federal government of the day set 1.4 million acres in Manitoba for the estimated 10,000 Mà ©tis children in 1871(Bone, 2012). However, the allocation was increased to 240 acres after census which found there only 5000 Mà ©tis children (Bone, 2012). However, Harring & OSCLH (2013) pointed out that few Mà ©tis people claimed their land allocated to them and majority sold leavi ng them landless. Compared to the Indians of the Grand River Valley, there is similarity because both Mà ©tis and Indians were given land by the authorities of the day As much it is a historic fact that many Mà ©tis dispersal from the Red River Valley, the reasons for their dispersal remains a controversy with two interpretations. According to Ottawa, the rights were distinguished in accordance to Manitoba Act of 1870 by giving the scrip to the Mà ©tis. This is supported by Harring & OSCLH (2013) who argued that the federal government of that time did not act in bad faith as much it was slow in settling the claims by the Mà ©tis. In contrast, Bone (2012) argued that the Mà ©tis communities were victims of federal government’s deliberate conspiracy to prevent the land of Mà ©tis community in Manitoba. However, the matter was settled by the Supreme Court in 2013, in a case filed by Manitoba Mà ©tis Foundation, which ruled in favor of the Mà ©tis. Treaty rights The treaties favored the Aboriginal people because they defined the reserve lands that were collectively held by the band in addition to negotiating other beneficial rights for the communities. Harring & OSCLH (2013) elaborated that there were different reasons for signing treaties and it depended on the historical contexts. For instance, late 19th century treaties were signed to remove others tribes for the settlers. To the Aboriginal people, any treaty to them was a land promise as well as a shift support from hunting and nomadism to more settled farming. Therefore, this was a protection from the influx of the settlers during that time and a guarantee of government protection. Bone (2012) pointed out that the conflicting ideas from the crown authorities and the first nation, on the treaties significance shaped the relations between non Aboriginal and Aboriginal people. For instance, during the crown authorities viewed the treaties as mechanisms for extinguishing the rights of the Aboriginals and the land titles and hence opening up the lands for the settlers to do agriculture. In contrast, the Aboriginal people understood the treaties as agreements between the authorities to share resources and land. With the diverse perceptions, it was inevitable to have disagreements between the Aboriginal and the non Aboriginal people. Modern treaties For many years the legal meaning of Aboriginal land title has changed until 1970, when Ottawa recognized two land rights forms, which are the reserve land and the crown land. The reserve land was a type of ownership or right where the government of Canada held land for the Indian people. In contrast, the Indians had limitless right to use the crown land for trappings and hunting. This implies that the Indians were allowed to freely enjoy and use the crown land the crown lands without making any claims on it in form of ownership. According to (Harring & OSCLH, 2013), the crown lands included the lands where there were no settlements in Canada. However, the Aboriginals, the Mà ©tis, Inuit and Indian families lived and used the crown lands to fish, trap and hunt. However, Bone (2012) pointed out that the provincial governments and the federal governments could sell the crown lands to corporations or individuals or even lease them for specific purposes such as logging or even mineral ex ploration without compensating the Aboriginal inhabitants and users of the land. As much as many groups among the Aboriginal people did not have treaties with the federal government and therefore no control over the lands, many events changed this situation radically. To begin, the emergence of the emergence of educated leaders who understood legal and political systems who used the courts to force the provincial and federal governments to address issues o the Aboriginals concerning land claims. For instance, the Nisga’a residing in northern British Columbia took their claim for land in court in a case known as the Calder case. As much as the Supreme Court in 1973 ruled against their favor narrowly, six out of the seven judges were in agreement that the title for Aboriginal on the land existed at the confederation time in brutish Columbia. Similarly, that same year, the federal government was in agreement that the Aboriginal people who had not signed a treaty may also have a claim on the crown lands (Bone, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, as Bone (2012) proposed, there exist fault lines in Canadian society. The current existence of the Aboriginal/ non Aboriginal fault line in Canada in some parts of Canada has been due to many circumstances. The Haldimand Grant occurrence saw the existence of the Aboriginal people around the Grand River valley. The taking over of the Indian rights by Canadian federal governments has seen suppression, restriction and confinement of the Aboriginal people in reserves and this also explains there existences in certain parts. Moreover, the treaties signed between the Aboriginals and the crown authorities and also with the cabadian federal governments in a bid to protect their land rights have seen the existence of the Aboriginals in certain parts of the country. References Bone, R. M. (2012). The Canadian north: Issues and challenges. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press. Harring, S. L., & Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History. (2013). White man’s law: Native people in nineteenth-century Canadian jurisprudence. Toronto, Ont: Published for the Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History by University of Toronto Press. Source document

Of mice and men assignment Essay

Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie, while his wife is sexually provocative. These two characters create trouble for Lennie from the start and combine to cause his death in the end. The main points that I will show how Curley’s physically aggression towards Lennie helps to causes his death in the end are: * When he first meets George and Lennie * When he is looking for a fight with someone * When his wife is killed he still want to get Lennie The main points that I will show how Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie helps to causes his death in the end are: * When she first meets George and Lennie * When Lennie is with Candy and Crooks in the bunk house * At the end when both of them are in the barn alone together * Even when she is dead as Lennie knows that George will be mad at him This essay will argue that Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie while his wife is sexually provocative. Both characters combine to cause his death. The physical aggression towards Lennie starts when Curley first meets Lennie and George, â€Å"†¦Curley lashed his body around. â€Å"By Christ, he’s gotta talk when he’s spoken to. What the hell are you getting’ into it for?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦We jus’ come in,† said Lennie softly. Curley stared levelly at him. â€Å"Well, nex’ time you answer when you’re spoken to.† He turned towards the door and walked out, his elbows were still bent out a little. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the two passages you can see that Curley’s physical aggression towards Lennie starts early in the book and is caused by Lennie not talking. This is caused after he tries quizzing them again after the boss had just finished, his father. He takes an instant disliking towards Lennie. Curley tries to show the two who is the boss and that they should mess with him but, by flexing his muscles and taking a fighting crouch but Curley is taken by surprise when Lennie answers him in a soft voice, then Curley leaves the bunk house walking with his muscles still flexed. The swamper (Candy) says â€Å"†¦Curley’s like a lot of little guys. He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ’em because he ain’t a big guy. You seen little guys like that, ain’t you? Always scrapping?† â€Å"Sure,† said George. â€Å"I seen plenty tough little guys. But this Curley better not make no mistake about Lennie. Lennie ain’t handy, but this Curley punk is gonna get hurt if he messes around with Lennie.† â€Å"Well, Curley’s pretty handy,† the swamper said sceptically. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  From this you find out that Curley is meant to be handy and can fight, also that Lennie my not be able to fight but is strong. You also get the feeling that you know that both of them are going to cross paths one way or another. Also Steinbeck is warning of the power and strength of Lennie in the same way with the mouse that Lennie has at the start of the book. Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie also starts when she first meets the pair, Lennie and George. â€Å"†¦Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. â€Å"I’m lookin’ for Curley,† she said. Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. George looked away from her and then back. â€Å"He was in here a minute ago, but he went.† â€Å"Oh!† She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. â€Å"You’re the new fellas that just come, ain’t ya?† â€Å"Yeah.† Lennie’s eyes moved down over her body, and thought she did not seem to be looking at Lennie she bridled a little. She looked at her fingernails, â€Å"sometimes Curley’s in here,† she explained. George said brusquely, â€Å"Well he ain’t now.† â€Å"If he ain’t a guess I better look some place else,† se said playfully. Lennie watched her, fascinated. George said, â€Å"If I see him, I’ll pass the word you was looking for him.† She smiled archly and twitched her body. â€Å"Nobody can’t blame a person for lookin’,† she said. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ Lennie still stared at the doorway where she had been. â€Å"Gosh, she was purty.† He smiled admiringly. George looked quickly down at him and then he took him by an ear and shook him. â€Å"Listen to me, you crazy bastard,† he said fiercely. â€Å"Don’t you even take a look at that bitch. I don’t care what she says and what she does. I seen ’em poison before, but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her. You leave her be.† Lennie tried to disengage his ear. â€Å"I never done nothing, George.† â€Å"No, you never. But when she was standin’ in the doorway showin’ her leg, you wasn’t looking the other way, neither†¦.† The way in which Steinbeck describes Curley’s wife makes her come across as I tart. George thinks that she is a â€Å"tramp†, â€Å"jail bait† and a â€Å"rat trap†. George also gets concerned when Lennie say that she is â€Å"purty†. In this chapter Steinbeck makes the ranch sound scary, a sense of fear like he want you to know something bad is going to happen with out telling you. The next physical aggression towards Lennie is when Curley is looking for his wife and is accusing Slim. They walk in to the bunk house and Slim is fed-up with Curley asking him about his wife and lets him know but Curley dose not want to fight with Slim. He then looks around the room, Carlson also had a dig at Curley but Curley did not want to fight with him either. He knows that he will have a bit of trouble with both of these men. Then Candy says something and Curley just looks straight and him but then notices Lennie and think of fighting with him. â€Å"†¦ His eyes slipped on past and lighted on Lennie; and Lennie was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranch. Curley stepped over to Lennie lie a terrier. â€Å"What the hell you laughin’ at?† Lennie looked blankly at him. â€Å"Huh?† Then Curley’s rage exploded. â€Å"Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show ya how’s yella.† Lennie looked hopelessly at George, and then he got up and tried to retreat. Curley was balanced and poised. He slashed at Lennie with left, and then smashed him down his nose with a right. Lennie gave a cry of terror. Blood welled from his nose. â€Å"George,† he cried. Make ‘um let me alone, George.† He backed until he was against the wall, and Curley followed, slugging him in the face. Lennie’s hands remained at his sides; he was too frightened to defend himself†¦.† â€Å"†¦Curley attacked his stomach and cut off his wind. Slim jumped up. â€Å"The dirty little rat,† he cried, â€Å"I’ll get ‘um myself.† George put out his hand and grabbed Slim. Wait a minute,† he shouted. He cupped his hands around his mouth and yelled, â€Å"Get him Lennie!† Lennie took his hands away from his face and looked about for George, and Curley slashed at his eyes. The big face was covered with blood. George yelled again, â€Å"I said get him.† Curley’s fist was swinging when Lennie reached for it. The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand. George ran down the room. â€Å"Leggo of him, Lennie. Let go.† But Lennie watched in terror the flopping little man whom he held. Blood ran down Lennie’s face, one of his eyes was cut and closed. George slapped him in the face again and again, still Lennie held on to the closed fist. Curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggling had become weak. He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw. George shouted over and over, â€Å"Leggo his hand, Lennie. Leggo. Slim, come help me while the guy got any hand left.† Suddenly Lennie let go his hold. He crouched cowering against the wall. â€Å"You tol’ me to, George,† he said miserably. Curley sat down on the floor, looking in wonder at his crushed hand. Slim and Carlson bent over him. Then Slim straightened up and regarded Lennie with horror. â€Å"We got to get him to a doctor,† he said. â€Å"Looks to me like ever’ bone in his han’ is bust†¦.† The fight started after Carlson said to Curley, â€Å"†¦You’re as yella as a frog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then after Candy joins in saying to Curley in disgust, â€Å"†¦Glove fulla Vaseline†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This makes Curley feel angry that everyone is saying this to him. He notices that Lennie is smiling, he think that he is smiling at Curley so he orders him to his feet and begins fighting with Lennie. Lennie is too scared to fight back and just stands there. Steinbeck makes a comment of Lennie being animal like, â€Å"†¦He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw†¦.† Steinbeck descries Lennie as being like a bear being very powerful; once Lennie had hold of something or someone he won’t let go. Just like the girl in Weed, the little mouse, Curley’s hand, the little brown and whit puppy and Curley’s wife in the end. The next time Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie is when she goes in to Crooks room trying to find out where her husband has gone. â€Å"†¦She stood still in the doorway, smiling a little at them, rubbing the nails of one of her hand with the thumb and forefinger of the other. And her eyes travelled from one face to another. â€Å"They left all the week ones here,† she said finally. â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went? Even Curley. I know where they all went.† Lennie watched he, fascinated; but Candy and Crooks were scowling down away from her eyes. Candy said, â€Å"Then if you know, why you want to ast us where Curley is at?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You can tell that Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie and she calls him a â€Å"dum-dum† then stands in the doorway flirting with the â€Å"weak ones†. Candy and Crooks were scowling down away from her eyes where as Lennie was fascinated by her, that shows his feeling towards her, being different from the other two men. The next time Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie is when she goes in to the barn where Lennie is playing with his new puppy, while everyone is in a horseshoes competition. The two are alone in the barn together for the first time. â€Å"†¦ Curley’s wife moved away from him a little. â€Å"I think you’re nuts,† she said. â€Å"No I ain’t,† Lennie explained earnestly. â€Å"George says I ain’t. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof’ things.† She was a little bit reassured. â€Å"Well, how don’t?† She said. â€Å"Ever’ body likes that. I like to feel silk an’ velvet. Do you like to feel velvet?† Lennie chuckled with pleasure. â€Å"You bet, by God,† he cried happily. â€Å"An’ I had some, too. A lady gave me some, an’ that lady was – my own Aunt Clara. She gave it right to me-‘ about this big a piece. I wished I had that velvet right now.† A frown came over his face. â€Å"I lost it,† he said. â€Å"Ain’t seen it for a long time.† Curley’s wife laughed at him. â€Å"You’re nuts,† she said. â€Å"But you’re kinda nice fe lla. Jus’ like a big baby. But a person can see kinda what you mean. When I’m doin’ my hair sometimes I jus’ set an’ stroke it’ cause it’s soft†. To show how she did it, she ran her fingers over the top of her head. â€Å"Some people got kinda coarse hair,† she said complacently. â€Å"Take Curley. His hair is jus’ like wire. But mine is soft and fine. ‘Course I brush it a lot. That makes it fine. Here- feel right here.† She took Lennie’s hand and put it on her head. â€Å"Feel right aroun’ there an’ see how soft it is.† Lennie’s big fingers fell to stroking her hair. â€Å"Don’t you muss it up,† she said. Lennie said â€Å"Oh! That’s nice,† and he stroked harder. â€Å"Oh, that’s nice.† â€Å"Look out, now, you’ll muss it.† And then she cried angrily, â€Å"You stop it now, you’ll mess it all up.† She jerked her head sideways, and Lennie’s fingers closed on her hair and hung on. â€Å"Let go,† she cried. â€Å"You let go!† Lennie was in a panic. His face was contorted. She screamed then, and Lennie’s other hand closed over her mouth and nose. â€Å"Please don’t,† he begged. â€Å"Oh! Please don’t do that. George’ll be mad.† She struggled violently under his hands. Her feet battered on the hay and she writhed to be free; and from under Lennie’s hand came a muffled screaming. Lennie began to cry with fright. â€Å"Oh! Pleas don’t do non of that,† he begged. â€Å"George gonna say I done a bad thing. He ain’t gonna let me tend no rabbits.† He moved his hand a little and her hoarse cry came out. Then Lennie grew angry. â€Å"Now don’t,† he said. â€Å"I don’t want you to yell. You gonna get me in trouble jus’ like George says you will. Now don’t you do that.† And she continued to struggle, and her eyes were wild with terror. He shook her then, and he was angry with her. â€Å"Don’t you go yellin’,† he said and shook her; and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck. He looked down at her, and carefully he removed his hands from over her mouth, and she lay still. â€Å"I don’t want ta hurt you,† he said. â€Å"But George’ll be mad if you yell.† When she didn’t answer nor move he bent closely over her. He lifted her arm and let it drop. For a moment he seemed bewildered. And then he whispered in fright, â€Å"I done a bad thing. I done a bad thing.† He pawed up the hay until it partly covered her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All the trouble starts when she tries to be nice to Lennie by comforting him about the dead pup. When the two get talking they both go on about different thing, not really communicating just talking about their own problems. They both find that they have something in common which are soft things and even thou she know the strength of Lennie and that she thinks he’s nuts she still encourage him to play with her hair. When Curley wife starts to scream Lennie does what he’s done in the past, squeezed the life out of it just like the mice, woman in Weed, Little pup and Curley’s hand. Steinbeck describes the attack by Lennie on Curley and Curley’s wife in the same way, â€Å"Like I fish† which when you think of a limp fish it does nothing and is useless. Finally the next time Curley’s wife is contributes towards Lennie’s death is when she is dead as Lennie know that George will not be happy with him. â€Å"†¦ I done a real bad thing,† he said. â€Å"I shouldn’t of did that. George’ll be mad. An’†¦he said†¦an’ hide in the brush till he come. He’s gonna be mad. In the brush till he come. Tha’s what he said.† Lennie went back and looked at the dead girl. The puppy lay close to her. Lennie picked it up. â€Å"I’ll throw him away,† he said. â€Å"It’s bad enough like it is.† He put the pup under his coat, and he crept to the barn wall and peered out between the cracks, toward the horseshoe game. And then he crept around the end of the last manger and disappeared†¦.† After killing Curley’s wife Lennie knows that George will not be happy with what he has done, killing the pup and well as Curley’s wife. He remembers to go and hide and decided that he must hide the dog. Finally the next time Curley shows his physical aggression towards Lennie is when he finds out his wife had been killed. â€Å"†¦Curley came suddenly to life. â€Å"I know who done it,† he cried. â€Å"That big son-of-a-bitch done it. I know he done it. Why- ever’ body else was out there playin’ horseshoes.† He worked himself into a fury. â€Å"I’m gonna get him. I’m going for my shotgun. I’ll kill the big-son-of-a-bitch myself. I’ll shoot ‘im in the guts. Come on, you guys.† He ran furiously out of the barn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦Slim stood looking down at Curley’s wife. He said, â€Å"Curley- maybe you better stay here with your wife.† Curley’s face reddened. â€Å"I’m goin’,† he said. â€Å"I’m gonna shoot the guts outta that big bastard myself, even if I only got one hand. I’m gonna get ‘im†¦.† When Curley finds out his wife has been killed by Lennie he feel humiliated by this and the fact that it’s happened twice make him want revenge more. The fact that he dose not care about his wife, the fact that Slim touches his wife to find out what is up with her and to make sure she is dead. If he did care about her as well then he would have not cared about going out to kill Lennie he would have wanted to stay with his wife. Steinbeck makes Curley sound like a cold man who just wants Lennie dead. Although Lennie is shot by George in the end as Steinbeck make you fell that George ought to do it him self. As earlier in the book when Candy lets someone kill his dog he regrets it from the first moment and say that he should have killed it himself. From what I have found within of mice and men Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie, while his wife is sexually provocative. These two characters create trouble for Lennie from the start and combine to cause his death in the end. Curley’s physically aggression towards Lennie that helps to causes his death in the end was: * The first meeting with George and Lennie * Looking for a fight with someone * After wife is killed he still want to get Lennie Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie which helps to causes his death in the end were: * The first meeting with George and Lennie * When Lennie is with Candy and Crooks in the bunk house * At the end when both of them are in the barn alone together * Even when she is dead as Lennie knows that George will be mad at him I feel that they both help to contribute towards Lennie’s death in the end both in different way.

Ptcl Report

1. Introduction: Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited  (PTCL) is a  mega corporation  and a leading telecommunication authority in the  State of Pakistan. The corporation provides and enforces policies for the telephonic services nation-wide and is the backbone for country's telecommunication infrastructure despite arrival of a dozens other telecommunication corporations, including  Telenor Corps  and  China Mobile Ltd. The corporation managed and operates around ~2000 telephone exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed line network.Data and backbone services such as GSM, CDMA, Broadband Internet, and IPTV, wholesale are an increasing part of its business. From the beginnings of Posts ; Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of Pakistan Telephone ; Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL workings and policies have attracted regul ar criticism from other smaller operators and the civil society of Pakistan.Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act.The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions Lately, however, Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of time. Recent DSL services launched by PTCL reflect this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being directly supervised by PTCL. . 1 Vision To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholders' value’. The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that allows global communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for the future. By becoming partners in innovation, we are ready to shape a future that offers telecom services that bring us closer. 1. 2 Mission To achieve our mission by having: An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality * An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious * Services that are based on the most optimum technology * â€Å"Quality† and â€Å"Time† conscious customer service * Sustained growth in earnings and profitability 4. SERVICES OF PTCL Pakistan Telecom munication Company Limited not only Provides Conventional telephone facilities, it also offers optical fiber services to the private sector. We will briefly discuss below the product lines being offered by the PTCL.Basically PTCL divide their services into two parts. 1 Services for consumers2. Services for corporate customers 4. 1 Services for Consumers These services are basically for the common users (Individual/home users) those use telephone in their home/work place and they are basically non business users. a) New Telephone Connections: As mentioned earlier, PTCL is presently the only telecom company, who provided fixed-line telephony in the country. So whenever, any Private business concern or any individual needs a new telephone connection for provision of telephone service. ) Value Added Services: CLI (Caller’s Line Identification) Caller Line Identification (CLI): Calling line Identification (CLI) allow customers to identify the caller before picking up the phone rec eiver. To subscribe to CLI services, customer needs a telephone set with display capability or a CLI device attached to the phone. Thereby generating an account on I/N platform and any call made from that telephone will be charged to this account. The service will provide state of art technological facilities to the subscribers. 5. CUSTOMER CARE & CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENTPTCL has established its Customer Services Department at different levels the overview of the said department is as follows. Corporate  Customer  Care  Center  Operation  Region  Level Customer  Services  Centers  Tensile  Level Toll  Free  Help  Lines  for  Complaint  &  Enquiry now we briefly introduce the functions of these: Corporate Customer Care Center  to facilitate Corporate Customers PTCL has established Corporate Customer Care Centers at all Operation Regional Head Quarter Level, in all the meager cities countrywide. The Corporate Customers can get their problems res olved under one roof in a one window environment by dialing UAN 111-20 20 2.The Customer Relation Officers register the complaints & forward these to the related office. Customer Services Centers to facilitate consumers PTCL has established Customer Services Centers at all Tensile Level cities/offices. Here the consumers can use Fax Facility, Voice Telephony for  Local/NWD/ISD dialing. On divisional Offices Level duplicate phone bills may also be obtained from C. S. C’s. Toll Free Help Lines PTCL offers state-of-the-art call center network to its all type of valued customers for  convenient frequently asked Questions, Complaints regarding their services, T/No enquiry.The following three Toll Free T/Numbers are available for this purpose. a) 1236 (Service Activation) This toll free No is used to change the tariff packages of land line, WLL (V-fone),v PTCL phone n net service activation, & for Broad Band customers. The service activation is electronically ordered & activate d within 24 hours through concerned department) 1217 (Telephone Directory)This facility is also Toll Free & is used to obtain the telephone numbers of some specific subscribers (College, Govt. offices, Private offices etc. ).This is centralized & is being used as Telephone Directory) 1218 (Land Line Complaints 6. Projects and Assignments During Internship I was assigned to submit the daily market visit report to the consultant officer in which I had to find out the new costumers as well as to write down the complaints of the costumers regarding the products they use or any suggestions were always welcomed. Also I was assigned to meet at least 15 prospects and make them aware about Products and services like BB, Evo, IPtv, D-SET, H-set, Pstn, and Tab For this publicity I was trained for one week to make right publicity about the organization. . Recommendations: * Pakistan Telecommunication Company should Increase Publicity and Advertisement Activities. * Recruitment and selection opp ortunities should be increased. * Free Seminars should be organized. * They should not only focus on metropolitan cities but also should take close attention to the rural areas and small towns. * They should improve their Costumer care services. * To increase their sell activities they should create better strategies. Ptcl Report 1. Introduction: Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited  (PTCL) is a  mega corporation  and a leading telecommunication authority in the  State of Pakistan. The corporation provides and enforces policies for the telephonic services nation-wide and is the backbone for country's telecommunication infrastructure despite arrival of a dozens other telecommunication corporations, including  Telenor Corps  and  China Mobile Ltd. The corporation managed and operates around ~2000 telephone exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed line network.Data and backbone services such as GSM, CDMA, Broadband Internet, and IPTV, wholesale are an increasing part of its business. From the beginnings of Posts ; Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of Pakistan Telephone ; Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL workings and policies have attracted regul ar criticism from other smaller operators and the civil society of Pakistan.Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act.The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions Lately, however, Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of time. Recent DSL services launched by PTCL reflect this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being directly supervised by PTCL. . 1 Vision To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholders' value’. The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that allows global communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for the future. By becoming partners in innovation, we are ready to shape a future that offers telecom services that bring us closer. 1. 2 Mission To achieve our mission by having: An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality * An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious * Services that are based on the most optimum technology * â€Å"Quality† and â€Å"Time† conscious customer service * Sustained growth in earnings and profitability 4. SERVICES OF PTCL Pakistan Telecom munication Company Limited not only Provides Conventional telephone facilities, it also offers optical fiber services to the private sector. We will briefly discuss below the product lines being offered by the PTCL.Basically PTCL divide their services into two parts. 1 Services for consumers2. Services for corporate customers 4. 1 Services for Consumers These services are basically for the common users (Individual/home users) those use telephone in their home/work place and they are basically non business users. a) New Telephone Connections: As mentioned earlier, PTCL is presently the only telecom company, who provided fixed-line telephony in the country. So whenever, any Private business concern or any individual needs a new telephone connection for provision of telephone service. ) Value Added Services: CLI (Caller’s Line Identification) Caller Line Identification (CLI): Calling line Identification (CLI) allow customers to identify the caller before picking up the phone rec eiver. To subscribe to CLI services, customer needs a telephone set with display capability or a CLI device attached to the phone. Thereby generating an account on I/N platform and any call made from that telephone will be charged to this account. The service will provide state of art technological facilities to the subscribers. 5. CUSTOMER CARE & CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENTPTCL has established its Customer Services Department at different levels the overview of the said department is as follows. Corporate  Customer  Care  Center  Operation  Region  Level Customer  Services  Centers  Tensile  Level Toll  Free  Help  Lines  for  Complaint  &  Enquiry now we briefly introduce the functions of these: Corporate Customer Care Center  to facilitate Corporate Customers PTCL has established Corporate Customer Care Centers at all Operation Regional Head Quarter Level, in all the meager cities countrywide. The Corporate Customers can get their problems res olved under one roof in a one window environment by dialing UAN 111-20 20 2.The Customer Relation Officers register the complaints & forward these to the related office. Customer Services Centers to facilitate consumers PTCL has established Customer Services Centers at all Tensile Level cities/offices. Here the consumers can use Fax Facility, Voice Telephony for  Local/NWD/ISD dialing. On divisional Offices Level duplicate phone bills may also be obtained from C. S. C’s. Toll Free Help Lines PTCL offers state-of-the-art call center network to its all type of valued customers for  convenient frequently asked Questions, Complaints regarding their services, T/No enquiry.The following three Toll Free T/Numbers are available for this purpose. a) 1236 (Service Activation) This toll free No is used to change the tariff packages of land line, WLL (V-fone),v PTCL phone n net service activation, & for Broad Band customers. The service activation is electronically ordered & activate d within 24 hours through concerned department) 1217 (Telephone Directory)This facility is also Toll Free & is used to obtain the telephone numbers of some specific subscribers (College, Govt. offices, Private offices etc. ).This is centralized & is being used as Telephone Directory) 1218 (Land Line Complaints 6. Projects and Assignments During Internship I was assigned to submit the daily market visit report to the consultant officer in which I had to find out the new costumers as well as to write down the complaints of the costumers regarding the products they use or any suggestions were always welcomed. Also I was assigned to meet at least 15 prospects and make them aware about Products and services like BB, Evo, IPtv, D-SET, H-set, Pstn, and Tab For this publicity I was trained for one week to make right publicity about the organization. . Recommendations: * Pakistan Telecommunication Company should Increase Publicity and Advertisement Activities. * Recruitment and selection opp ortunities should be increased. * Free Seminars should be organized. * They should not only focus on metropolitan cities but also should take close attention to the rural areas and small towns. * They should improve their Costumer care services. * To increase their sell activities they should create better strategies.

Corporate Social Responsibility Issues in Business and Law Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility Issues in Business and Law - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is the concept of corporate social responsibility or CSR that can be understood in the sense of companies voluntarily incorporating their social and environmental considerations in their activities and in their interactions with their stakeholders. CSR therefore involves ethical and moral considerations impacting on the corporate decision-making processes and behaviours. The discussion on CSR expanded from its original definition, utilizing the practice of CSR as a base point or a building block from which other similar concepts can be drawn. Wood pointed out that CSR needs to be established in a bigger context, with the highlight made on the outcomes of one’s performance. Swanson and Crane suggested that any establishment may be motivated to comply with CSR based on the utilitarian perspective where CSR is used as a means of gaining performance objectives. They may also be motivated to comply with CSR based on the negative duty approach wher e compliance is made due to socially prescribed initiatives. Finally, the motivation may also be based on the positive duty view. In the positive duty view, businesses are self-motivated to comply with their corporate social responsibilities regardless of the pressure from society or from the government authorities. There are also different processes which are being considered by businesses in complying with their CSR, and these processes include environmental, issues, and stakeholder management. As these processes are being implemented in the organization, they help the business comply with their CSR and with the demands of the stakeholders7. The responsibility of businesses to general society has been a major source of debate throughout the years. Issues in its implementation include the fact that CSR has long been a contested policy as questions on its benefits have been raised consistently8. Various issues on the definition and coverage of the CSR have also been raised. Its cove rage has spanned a wide range of considerations throughout the years with its concerns on the environment, on human rights considerations, and on the fair treatment of the consuming public. Regardless of these issues, the concept of CSR is founded on the socio-political and economic concept of transparency, as well as sensitivity to the consequences of corporate actions9. The increased scrutiny and frequent changes in CSR policies are all part of the current trend towards making CSR more responsive to the needs of the people, the stakeholders, and the environment. Amidst growing concerns for environmental and cultural concerns, CSR policies are also being adjusted and conceptualized, giving the concerned individuals or groups the chance to make better business choices. In relation to banks, their decisions and policies in relation to CSR have been slow in coming even when their overall impact on the economy has always been considered significant10. The initial consideration of banks as

Standpoint Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Standpoint Theory - Essay Example Standpoint Theory provides epistemic advantage for different academic fields, when informants/characters are empowered to accurately discuss and analyze their social positions, so that they can change the status quo and improve their social status, although the theory must also address its conceptual and methodological weaknesses to become a dependable resource for feminist epistemology. Sandra Harding describes the political commitments of Standpoint Theory and two sources of controversial views in â€Å"Standpoint Theories: Productively Controversial.† She argues that the political commitments of Standpoint Theory are: 1) the daily lives of the oppressed provide a richer standpoint for social analysis than the experiences of the privileged; 2) standpoint theorists â€Å"study up† because they deconstruct the realities and needs of the underprivileged; 3) the theory promotes collective achievement in understanding how social relations operate; and 4) the theory seeks to obtain data that is accurate, exhaustive, objective, and intersectional (Harding 194-195). Furthermore, the two sources of controversial principles are the changing political agenda of feminists and the clash of different disciplines and their related epistemology and ontology (Harding 196-197). Harding argues that feminists must see Standpoint Theory from a contextualized multidiscipli nary view and accept plurality as a legitimate source of different understandings, and not as a limitation to feminist analysis (Harding 198). She concludes that Standpoint Theory has a significant role in diverse science fields because it emphasizes attention on troubling social realities and uneven social relations. This article is important in discussing the controversies that undercut the intersectional value of Standpoint Theory. It has the weakness of poor empirical testing of its analyses through applying Harding’s propositions to women’s groups. ... Harding argues that feminists must see Standpoint Theory from a contextualized multidisciplinary view and accept plurality as a legitimate source of different understandings, and not as a limitation to feminist analysis (Harding 198). She concludes that Standpoint Theory has a significant role in diverse science fields because it emphasizes attention on troubling social realities and uneven social relations. This article is important in discussing the controversies that undercut the intersectional value of Standpoint Theory. It has the weakness of poor empirical testing of its analyses through applying Harding’s propositions to women’s groups. Elizabeth Anderson criticizes Lisa Schwartzman’s Challenging Liberalism (2006) in â€Å"Toward a Non-Ideal, Relational Methodology for Political Philosophy: Comments on Schwartzman's Challenging Liberalism.† Anderson agrees with Schwartzman’s positive agenda of political philosophy, specifically the latterâ₠¬â„¢s standpoint methodology and group relations methodology. She affirms that Schwartzman is right in her criticisms of individualism and abstraction too because they are incompatible with group relations methodology and standpoint methodology, respectively (Anderson 131). On the contrary, Anderson disagrees with Schwartzman’s view on liberalism. Anderson argues that liberalism is consistent with Schwartzman’s methods because liberals have used them and liberal normative commitments promote the use of these methods (Anderson 131). Anderson contends that liberalism is based on a level of timidity on the capability of the state in resolving all injustices, especially considering differences in how people see what is â€Å"good† in their operations of informal social values (131). The